5. The Federation of Damanhur

Named after an
ancient Egyptian city, the Federation of Damanhur is a
utopian commune located outside of Turin, Italy. It was started in the
‘70s by Oberto Airaudi and a small group of followers, and today it
counts as many as 800 citizens among its ranks. There are even offshoot
centers for the group located as far away as the U.S. and Japan. The
community refers to itself as a “collective dream” where “spiritual,
artistic, and social research” takes place. The group prizes
environmental sustainability, artistic expression, and optimism above
all else, and meditation and self-knowledge are considered fundamental
to personal growth. But while this philosophy might not seem
extraordinary, the way it is expressed certainly is. This was most
apparent in 1992, when the group revealed a series of striking
underground temples—supposedly a monument to peace and the power of
human collaboration—that they had been constructing since the late ‘70s.
Community Philosophy:
Damanhur, though not sovereign from Italy, operates as though it were
its own independent nation. There is a constitution, a currency called
“credito,” and an independent infrastructure, and at this point there
are even grown children who were born in the community and have lived
there all their life. Perhaps most interesting is the community’s style
of marriage, which works on a contract system. Prior to their wedding,
couples decide on a period of time that the marriage will last. Once
that period has elapsed, the two can either go their separate ways or
agree to renew the marriage for a new span of time.
4. The Farm